Intelligent Intercooler Water Spray
Wiring Diagram and Manual
Different Types of RB engines
Trouble Shooting
Glossary
AFM - air flow meter. This sits straight after the airfilter and is prior to the turbo (or throttlebody on a naturally aspirated car). It measures the flow of air into the engine and feeds the information to the ECU.
Anti-lag - used on competition cars to maintain boost while off throttle. Basically the timing is retarded to allow unburnt fuel to enter the exhaust manifold, and air is injected via a valve. The fuel ignites and drives the exhaust turbine. This is the loud popping noise that most WRC cars make.
A/F Meter - see oxygen sensor
Autronic - an aftermarket ECU
AVC-R - an aftermarket boost controller made by Apexi. For more detail see http://www.apexi-usa.com/electronics_savcr.asp
Bar - A measure of pressure relative to one atmosphere (14.5 PSI). Multiply by 14.5 to convert to PSI. Also see PSI.
Bleed Valve - a valve used to bleed off boost from the wastegate supply line to control boost. Usually a cheaper alternative to electronic valves. A common type is Turbosmart. For more information see http://www.turbosmart.com.au/
Blocks - Block does not include pistons and crank. It just refers to the bores and the crank retaining gear ( bolts and caps )
Blow an engine - to break an engine. Sometimes spectacular with engine parts protruding from the block or bonnet, sometimes not so spectacular with just internal breakages.
Blow a turbo - to break a turbo. Usually by either breaking the turbine wheel with detonation, or damaging the compressor wheel by injesting stuff into the air intake.
Boost controller - a device used to maintain boost levels. They are plumbed into the wastegate supply line and regulate the pressure supplied to the wastegate, ie tricking it into "seeing" less boost than there actually is.
BOV ( Blow Off Valve ) - Vents unwanted pressure trapped between the throttle plate and your turbo's compressor wheel when you back off the accelerator. This allows the turbo compressor wheel to maintain a useful RPM in between gear changes. It is triggered by a pressure difference in the "compressor to throttle" length of pipe and the intake manifold.
Camshaft - a shaft with shaped lobes on it that control the opening and closing of the inlet and / or exhaust valves. Variable valve timing changes the lobe in use.
Catalytic Converter - a device that sits in the exhaust and uses a hot matrix to cause CO and HC in the exhaust to become CO2 and H2O. Regarded as being restrictive.
Cold Air box - a box for keeping a constant supply of cold air to the engine intake. Usually seals off the engine bay from the air intake with partitions and ducting.
Compressor - The turbo wheel which sits in the intake path and compresses the inducted air ( driven by the shaft connected to the turbo's turbine wheel ). Comes after the filter and before the intercooler and throttle.
Conrod - joins the piston to the crankshaft. A common point of failure in engines that see high RPM.
Crankshaft - the verticle movement of the pistons is transformed into rotational movement by the crankshaft. Connected to the pistons via the conrods.
Detonation - uncontrolled combustion of the air / fuel in the cylinder. It can caused by a number of reasons: lean running, octane not high enough, hot-spots in the combustion chamber etc. Detonation can cause serious engine damage and destroy turbochargers. Detonation sounds like a small metallic knock under load (similar to marbles knocking together). Also known as pinging.
---- Detonation ---
Is primarily caused by the following factors
Boost too high
Ignition too advanced
Intake air temp too high
Also - Detonation will not destroy or adversely affect your turbo, but it will destroy your piston's, con-rods, and maybe crank
DOHC - Double Overhead Camshaft, ie two camshafts. Used in the RB20DE, RB25DE, RB25DET, Rb20DET and RB26DETT. See SOHC
Dump pipe / Front pipe - the section of exhaust between the turbo and the catalytic converter.
ECU - the computer that manages your engine.
EFI - Electronic Fuel Injection. The fuel and air is electronically controlled and metered by the ECU to ensure the air / fuel mix is fed into the engine at the correct ratio, quantity, and at the right time.
EVC - an electronic boost controller made by HKS. For more information see http://www.hksusa.com/categories/?id=1085
F-CON - an engine computer made by HKS. For more info see http://www.hksusa.com/products/?id=748
FMIC - Front Mount Intercooler
Fuel Pressure Regulator - a valve that controlls the pressure of fuel in the fuel rail. It is mounted on the return end of the rail.
Haltech - an aftermarket ECU
Head - the top part of the engine. Includes the valves, camshafts etc.
HICAS - 4 wheel steering. The back wheels turn to assist the front wheels.
HP - HorsePower. A measure of power output. Multiply by 0.746 to convert to KW.
Intercooler - a radiator like device that cools the air that has been though the turbo.
KW - Kilowatts. A measure of power output. Multiply by 1.34 to convert to HP.
Knife Edging - The bottom of a crank counter-weight is basically a box-section like so !_! if you "knife edge" it you change the shape of the counter-weight to the following \/ this allows the crank to throw oil off itself alot more easily and generates less friction as the crank "bashes" through the sumps oil supply. Also reduces the rotational weight of the crank
Link - an aftermarket ECU
LSD - Limited Slip Differential. In low traction situations, driving force is fed to the wheel with traction.
Can be Viscous Coupling or Clutch Plate based ( or Torsen ).
M-Spec's have a Viscous LSD as standard.
Opposes large differences in rotational speed between the two driven wheels. The Torsen differential is the only differential that can actively feed torque to the wheel with the most traction ( up to a max difference of 80% or so )
In a nutshell: If you have one wheel on grass and one wheel on concrete and you try to take off. Only the wheel on the grass will spin until it gets to a speed which is a certain amount of rotations per second faster than the concrete based wheel. Then power will begin to be transmitted to the concrete wheel at which point you will either spin both wheels or start to move forwards
---- Lock Diff ----
Both wheels are continually forced to rotate at the same speed. This is great for drag racing but will prevent you from turning tight corners without breaking into a skid ( mauls tyres during daily driving )
In a nutshell: If you have one wheel on grass and one wheel on concrete and you try to take off. Both wheels will turn at the same rate causing you to take off or spin both wheels.
---- Open diff ----
Standard diff. The first wheel to lose traction will have all of the cars power transmitted to it alone. This is what causes cars at the drags to smoke just one tyre when they are dropping a burnout. Very bad for drag-racing.
In a nutshell: If you have one wheel on grass and one wheel on concrete and you try to take off. Only the wheel on the grass will spin and you will go nowhere
MAP sensor - Manifold Absolute Pressure. Used by some aftermarket engine management systems instead of an AFM.
Microtech - an aftermarket ECU
Motec - an aftermarket ECU regarded as being one of the best available.
Octane - a way of describing a fuels resistance to detonating (pinging) The higher the octane, the better it will resist detonation. Fuel is commonly available in octanes from 85 - 100. Turbo Skylines are designed for >95 Octane fuel. Race fuel is available up to 116 Octane. In the 1950's there was some exotic 140+ octane fuel used for the large propliners on takeoff.
Oxygen sensor - an electronic sensor that sits in the exhaust stream and provides the ECU with a reading of the oxygen % in the exhaust gas. A narrow band sensor is used by the ECU for cruise conditions. A wide-band sensor is used by a workshop for tuning - the wide band sensors give very good indications of running lean / rich, while the narrow band sensors are less accurate.
Panel filter - a filter element that fits in the factory airbox. K&N make a good aftermarket high performance element.
PFC - another name for the PowerFC
Pod - either a mount for gauges, or an aftermarket airfilter that replaces the factory airbox filter.
PowerFC - an aftermarket ECU made by Apexi, for more detail see http://www.apexi-usa.com/electronics_fc.asp
PS - a measurement of power commonly used by the Japanese. Multiply by 0.735 to convert to KW, or 0.986 to convert to HP.
PSI - Pounds per Square Inch. A measure of pressure, commonly used for turbo boost measurements and tyre pressures. Multiply by 0.0689 to convert to Bar. Also see Bar.
Rice - a car modified for looks, or fake power. Depends on your point of view though. See http://www.ricecop.com/ for more information.
RSM (or Rev Speed Meter) - a device made by Apexi that measures 0-100, 400m among other functions. for more detail see http://www.apexi-usa.com/meters_revspeedmeter.asp
S-AFC - a piggyback fuel computer made by Apexi. It modifies the air flow meter signal. For more detail see http://www.apexi-usa.com/electronics_safc.asp
Screamer pipe - a wastegate dump pipe that is not plumbed back into the exhaust.
Stoichiometric - perfect air / fuel ratio of 14.7:1 Usually found at cruise conditions.
Swirl pot - a secondry fuel tank fed by a low pressure pump from the main fuel tank. A high pressure pump then feeds fuel to the engine from the swirl pot. Used in competition cars where conditions may cause the pump in the main fuel tank to be starved, ie when cornering at speed. Keeps a constant flow of fuel available to the engine.
SOHC - Single Overhead Camshaft, ie one camshaft. Used in the RB20E. See DOHC.
S-AFR - a piggyback air/fuel controller made by HKS. For more information see http://www.hksusa.com/products/?id=1085
Turbo - an air pump driven by exhaust gasses. The turbine wheel is turned by the hot exhuast gasses which turns a shaft which drives a compressor wheel that compresses the air being taken into the engine. Can exceed 100,000 RPM, and runs very very hot.
Turbine - The turbo wheel which sits in the exhaust path and drives the shaft that is connected to the compressor wheel
V-AFC - a piggyback fuel computer made by Apexi. It modifies the air flow meter signal and includes a VTEC controller. Used for Honda type applications with VTEC. For more detail see http://www.apexi-usa.com/electronics_vafc.asp
Wastegate - a spring diaphragm that releases excess exhaust gas before it enters the turbine stage of the turbo. The wastegate diaphragm is supplied from the outlet of the turbo via the wategate supply line. The wategate is used to prevent excess boost.
4WS - 4 wheel steering. Found in HICAS equipped Skylines.
Damper(s) - Another term for shocks or suspension.
Exhaust - A combination of the turbine outlet, downpipe/frontpipe, catalytic converter and muffler.
Test Pipe - A hollow pipe used to replace the catalytic converter to create better air flow through the exhaust.
Turbine outlet - A small elbow piece that connects from the exhaust portion of the turbine to the downpipe/frontpipe.
Overdrive ON - Used in normal conditions i.e. city driving, dry normal roads etc. (Gearing 1 ~ 3 + Overdrive)
Overdrive OFF - This mode is useful for hills, boosts of speed etc.
Radiator - A device for cooling water that is passed through a series of small passages to maximize its surface area and at the same time air is passed over the water to draw the heat away from it.
Strut Bar - Ties together the strut towers on the front of the car. It stiffens the front end so that it flexes less while corning and when you hit bumps. Generally helps to make your car feel more solid and may help handling a bit. There are front and rear strut bars.
Oil cooler - A device for cooling engine oil that is passed through a series of small passages and at the same time air is passed over the oil to draw the heat away from it.
Wheel - Another term for rims.
Wiring Diagram and Manual
Different Types of RB engines
Trouble Shooting
Glossary
AFM - air flow meter. This sits straight after the airfilter and is prior to the turbo (or throttlebody on a naturally aspirated car). It measures the flow of air into the engine and feeds the information to the ECU.
Anti-lag - used on competition cars to maintain boost while off throttle. Basically the timing is retarded to allow unburnt fuel to enter the exhaust manifold, and air is injected via a valve. The fuel ignites and drives the exhaust turbine. This is the loud popping noise that most WRC cars make.
A/F Meter - see oxygen sensor
Autronic - an aftermarket ECU
AVC-R - an aftermarket boost controller made by Apexi. For more detail see http://www.apexi-usa.com/electronics_savcr.asp
Bar - A measure of pressure relative to one atmosphere (14.5 PSI). Multiply by 14.5 to convert to PSI. Also see PSI.
Bleed Valve - a valve used to bleed off boost from the wastegate supply line to control boost. Usually a cheaper alternative to electronic valves. A common type is Turbosmart. For more information see http://www.turbosmart.com.au/
Blocks - Block does not include pistons and crank. It just refers to the bores and the crank retaining gear ( bolts and caps )
Blow an engine - to break an engine. Sometimes spectacular with engine parts protruding from the block or bonnet, sometimes not so spectacular with just internal breakages.
Blow a turbo - to break a turbo. Usually by either breaking the turbine wheel with detonation, or damaging the compressor wheel by injesting stuff into the air intake.
Boost controller - a device used to maintain boost levels. They are plumbed into the wastegate supply line and regulate the pressure supplied to the wastegate, ie tricking it into "seeing" less boost than there actually is.
BOV ( Blow Off Valve ) - Vents unwanted pressure trapped between the throttle plate and your turbo's compressor wheel when you back off the accelerator. This allows the turbo compressor wheel to maintain a useful RPM in between gear changes. It is triggered by a pressure difference in the "compressor to throttle" length of pipe and the intake manifold.
Camshaft - a shaft with shaped lobes on it that control the opening and closing of the inlet and / or exhaust valves. Variable valve timing changes the lobe in use.
Catalytic Converter - a device that sits in the exhaust and uses a hot matrix to cause CO and HC in the exhaust to become CO2 and H2O. Regarded as being restrictive.
Cold Air box - a box for keeping a constant supply of cold air to the engine intake. Usually seals off the engine bay from the air intake with partitions and ducting.
Compressor - The turbo wheel which sits in the intake path and compresses the inducted air ( driven by the shaft connected to the turbo's turbine wheel ). Comes after the filter and before the intercooler and throttle.
Conrod - joins the piston to the crankshaft. A common point of failure in engines that see high RPM.
Crankshaft - the verticle movement of the pistons is transformed into rotational movement by the crankshaft. Connected to the pistons via the conrods.
Detonation - uncontrolled combustion of the air / fuel in the cylinder. It can caused by a number of reasons: lean running, octane not high enough, hot-spots in the combustion chamber etc. Detonation can cause serious engine damage and destroy turbochargers. Detonation sounds like a small metallic knock under load (similar to marbles knocking together). Also known as pinging.
---- Detonation ---
Is primarily caused by the following factors
Boost too high
Ignition too advanced
Intake air temp too high
Also - Detonation will not destroy or adversely affect your turbo, but it will destroy your piston's, con-rods, and maybe crank
DOHC - Double Overhead Camshaft, ie two camshafts. Used in the RB20DE, RB25DE, RB25DET, Rb20DET and RB26DETT. See SOHC
Dump pipe / Front pipe - the section of exhaust between the turbo and the catalytic converter.
ECU - the computer that manages your engine.
EFI - Electronic Fuel Injection. The fuel and air is electronically controlled and metered by the ECU to ensure the air / fuel mix is fed into the engine at the correct ratio, quantity, and at the right time.
EVC - an electronic boost controller made by HKS. For more information see http://www.hksusa.com/categories/?id=1085
F-CON - an engine computer made by HKS. For more info see http://www.hksusa.com/products/?id=748
FMIC - Front Mount Intercooler
Fuel Pressure Regulator - a valve that controlls the pressure of fuel in the fuel rail. It is mounted on the return end of the rail.
Haltech - an aftermarket ECU
Head - the top part of the engine. Includes the valves, camshafts etc.
HICAS - 4 wheel steering. The back wheels turn to assist the front wheels.
HP - HorsePower. A measure of power output. Multiply by 0.746 to convert to KW.
Intercooler - a radiator like device that cools the air that has been though the turbo.
KW - Kilowatts. A measure of power output. Multiply by 1.34 to convert to HP.
Knife Edging - The bottom of a crank counter-weight is basically a box-section like so !_! if you "knife edge" it you change the shape of the counter-weight to the following \/ this allows the crank to throw oil off itself alot more easily and generates less friction as the crank "bashes" through the sumps oil supply. Also reduces the rotational weight of the crank
Link - an aftermarket ECU
LSD - Limited Slip Differential. In low traction situations, driving force is fed to the wheel with traction.
Can be Viscous Coupling or Clutch Plate based ( or Torsen ).
M-Spec's have a Viscous LSD as standard.
Opposes large differences in rotational speed between the two driven wheels. The Torsen differential is the only differential that can actively feed torque to the wheel with the most traction ( up to a max difference of 80% or so )
In a nutshell: If you have one wheel on grass and one wheel on concrete and you try to take off. Only the wheel on the grass will spin until it gets to a speed which is a certain amount of rotations per second faster than the concrete based wheel. Then power will begin to be transmitted to the concrete wheel at which point you will either spin both wheels or start to move forwards
---- Lock Diff ----
Both wheels are continually forced to rotate at the same speed. This is great for drag racing but will prevent you from turning tight corners without breaking into a skid ( mauls tyres during daily driving )
In a nutshell: If you have one wheel on grass and one wheel on concrete and you try to take off. Both wheels will turn at the same rate causing you to take off or spin both wheels.
---- Open diff ----
Standard diff. The first wheel to lose traction will have all of the cars power transmitted to it alone. This is what causes cars at the drags to smoke just one tyre when they are dropping a burnout. Very bad for drag-racing.
In a nutshell: If you have one wheel on grass and one wheel on concrete and you try to take off. Only the wheel on the grass will spin and you will go nowhere
MAP sensor - Manifold Absolute Pressure. Used by some aftermarket engine management systems instead of an AFM.
Microtech - an aftermarket ECU
Motec - an aftermarket ECU regarded as being one of the best available.
Octane - a way of describing a fuels resistance to detonating (pinging) The higher the octane, the better it will resist detonation. Fuel is commonly available in octanes from 85 - 100. Turbo Skylines are designed for >95 Octane fuel. Race fuel is available up to 116 Octane. In the 1950's there was some exotic 140+ octane fuel used for the large propliners on takeoff.
Oxygen sensor - an electronic sensor that sits in the exhaust stream and provides the ECU with a reading of the oxygen % in the exhaust gas. A narrow band sensor is used by the ECU for cruise conditions. A wide-band sensor is used by a workshop for tuning - the wide band sensors give very good indications of running lean / rich, while the narrow band sensors are less accurate.
Panel filter - a filter element that fits in the factory airbox. K&N make a good aftermarket high performance element.
PFC - another name for the PowerFC
Pod - either a mount for gauges, or an aftermarket airfilter that replaces the factory airbox filter.
PowerFC - an aftermarket ECU made by Apexi, for more detail see http://www.apexi-usa.com/electronics_fc.asp
PS - a measurement of power commonly used by the Japanese. Multiply by 0.735 to convert to KW, or 0.986 to convert to HP.
PSI - Pounds per Square Inch. A measure of pressure, commonly used for turbo boost measurements and tyre pressures. Multiply by 0.0689 to convert to Bar. Also see Bar.
Rice - a car modified for looks, or fake power. Depends on your point of view though. See http://www.ricecop.com/ for more information.
RSM (or Rev Speed Meter) - a device made by Apexi that measures 0-100, 400m among other functions. for more detail see http://www.apexi-usa.com/meters_revspeedmeter.asp
S-AFC - a piggyback fuel computer made by Apexi. It modifies the air flow meter signal. For more detail see http://www.apexi-usa.com/electronics_safc.asp
Screamer pipe - a wastegate dump pipe that is not plumbed back into the exhaust.
Stoichiometric - perfect air / fuel ratio of 14.7:1 Usually found at cruise conditions.
Swirl pot - a secondry fuel tank fed by a low pressure pump from the main fuel tank. A high pressure pump then feeds fuel to the engine from the swirl pot. Used in competition cars where conditions may cause the pump in the main fuel tank to be starved, ie when cornering at speed. Keeps a constant flow of fuel available to the engine.
SOHC - Single Overhead Camshaft, ie one camshaft. Used in the RB20E. See DOHC.
S-AFR - a piggyback air/fuel controller made by HKS. For more information see http://www.hksusa.com/products/?id=1085
Turbo - an air pump driven by exhaust gasses. The turbine wheel is turned by the hot exhuast gasses which turns a shaft which drives a compressor wheel that compresses the air being taken into the engine. Can exceed 100,000 RPM, and runs very very hot.
Turbine - The turbo wheel which sits in the exhaust path and drives the shaft that is connected to the compressor wheel
V-AFC - a piggyback fuel computer made by Apexi. It modifies the air flow meter signal and includes a VTEC controller. Used for Honda type applications with VTEC. For more detail see http://www.apexi-usa.com/electronics_vafc.asp
Wastegate - a spring diaphragm that releases excess exhaust gas before it enters the turbine stage of the turbo. The wastegate diaphragm is supplied from the outlet of the turbo via the wategate supply line. The wategate is used to prevent excess boost.
4WS - 4 wheel steering. Found in HICAS equipped Skylines.
Damper(s) - Another term for shocks or suspension.
Exhaust - A combination of the turbine outlet, downpipe/frontpipe, catalytic converter and muffler.
Test Pipe - A hollow pipe used to replace the catalytic converter to create better air flow through the exhaust.
Turbine outlet - A small elbow piece that connects from the exhaust portion of the turbine to the downpipe/frontpipe.
Overdrive ON - Used in normal conditions i.e. city driving, dry normal roads etc. (Gearing 1 ~ 3 + Overdrive)
Overdrive OFF - This mode is useful for hills, boosts of speed etc.
Radiator - A device for cooling water that is passed through a series of small passages to maximize its surface area and at the same time air is passed over the water to draw the heat away from it.
Strut Bar - Ties together the strut towers on the front of the car. It stiffens the front end so that it flexes less while corning and when you hit bumps. Generally helps to make your car feel more solid and may help handling a bit. There are front and rear strut bars.
Oil cooler - A device for cooling engine oil that is passed through a series of small passages and at the same time air is passed over the oil to draw the heat away from it.
Wheel - Another term for rims.
